Kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj hluav taws xob ionizing tam sim no. Ionizing hluav taws xob, uas suav nrog gamma hluav taws xob tawm los ntawm isotopes xws li cesium-137, ua rau muaj kev phom sij tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv, xav tau txoj hauv kev saib xyuas zoo. Kab lus no tshawb txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob, tsom mus rau cov thev naus laus zis ua haujlwm, thiab qee qhovrkev adiationmkev xavdcov eviceuas nquag siv.
To taub Radiation thiab nws cov teebmeem
Ionizing hluav taws xob yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws lub peev xwm los tshem tawm nruj nreem khi electrons los ntawm atoms, ua rau tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis ions. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg lom, uas yuav ua rau mob qog noj ntshav lossis mob ntev ntev xws li mob qog noj ntshav. Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas cov qib hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog cov chaw kho mob, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear, thiab cov chaw kuaj xyuas ciam teb.
Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Radiation Monitoring
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog kev kuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas qhov muaj ionizing hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv ntau yam khoom siv uas teb rau ntau hom hluav taws xob, suav nrog cov khoom alpha, beta hais, gamma rays, thiab neutrons. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm tus ntes yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb thiab hom hluav taws xob raug saib xyuas.
Ntes siv nyob rau hauv Radiation Monitoring
1. Plastic Scintillators:
Yas scintillators yog cov khoom siv ntau yam uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau yam kev soj ntsuam hluav taws xob. Lawv lub teeb yuag thiab ruaj khov ua rau lawv haum rau cov khoom siv nqa tau yooj yim. Thaum gamma hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog lub scintillator, nws tsim flashes ntawm lub teeb uas tuaj yeem kuaj pom thiab ntsuas. Cov cuab yeej no tso cai rau kev saib xyuas cov qib hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, ua cov yas scintillators yog qhov kev xaiv nrov hauvRPMtshuab.
2. He-3 Gas Proportional Counter:
He-3 gas proportional counter yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb pom neutron. Nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm kev sau lub chamber nrog helium-3 gas, uas yog rhiab rau neutron kev sib tshuam. Thaum lub neutron sib tsoo nrog helium-3 nucleus, nws tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas ionize cov roj, ua rau lub teeb liab ntsuas hluav taws xob. Hom kev ntes no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj hluav taws xob neutron muaj kev txhawj xeeb, xws li cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear thiab cov chaw tshawb fawb.
3. Sodium Iodide (NaI) Detectors:
Sodium iodide detectors yog dav siv rau gamma-ray spectroscopy thiab nuclide identification. Cov cuab yeej no yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua ntawm sodium iodide doped nrog thallium, uas emits lub teeb thaum gamma hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog cov siv lead ua. Lub teeb emitted ces hloov mus rau hauv lub teeb liab hluav taws xob, tso cai rau kev txheeb xyuas cov isotopes tshwj xeeb raws li lawv lub zog kos npe. NaI detectors muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv xov tooj cua.
4. Geiger-Müller (GM) Tube Counters:
GM tube txee yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tswb nrov tshaj plaws uas siv rau kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kuaj X-rays thiab gamma rays. GM tube ua haujlwm los ntawm ionizing cov pa hauv lub raj thaum hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm nws, ua rau ntsuas hluav taws xob mem tes. Cov thev naus laus zis no tau siv dav hauv tus kheej dosimeters thiab cov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas, muab cov lus tawm tswv yim tam sim ntawm cov hluav taws xob raug hluav taws xob.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Hauv Lub Neej Txhua Hnub
Kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob tsis txwv rau cov chaw tshwj xeeb; nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej txhua hnub. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov hluav taws xob keeb kwm yav dhau los, nrog rau cov khoom siv dag zog los ntawm cov txheej txheem kho mob thiab cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau pej xeem. Cov tshav dav hlau, cov chaw nres nkoj, thiab cov chaw lis kev lis kev cai tau nruab nrog cov kev soj ntsuam hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv kev thauj khoom tsis raug cai ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yog li tiv thaiv pej xeem thiab ib puag ncig.
Feem ntauUua sedRkev adiationMkev xavDcov evice
1. Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM):
RPMsyog cov tshuab sophisticated tsim los rau lub sijhawm tsis siv neeg saib xyuas ntawm gamma hluav taws xob thiab neutrons. Lawv feem ntau ntsia ntawm cov ntsiab lus nkag xws li tshav dav hlau, cov chaw nres nkoj, thiab cov chaw lis kev cai los kuaj xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis raug cai. RPMs feem ntau siv cov khoom siv loj-ntim yas scintillators, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kuaj pom gamma rays vim lawv qhov rhiab heev thiab lub sijhawm teb ceev. Cov txheej txheem scintillation cuam tshuam nrog lub emission ntawm lub teeb thaum hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv yas, uas tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv lub teeb liab hluav taws xob rau kev tsom xam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov raj neutron thiab sodium iodide detectors tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv cov khoom siv kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntxiv.
2. Radioisotope Identification Device (RIID):
(RIID)yog lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob raws li lub ntsuas sodium iodide thiab cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis.Cov cuab yeej no suav nrog cov khoom siv sodium iodide (tsis tshua muaj poov tshuaj), muab tsis tau tsuas yog ib puag ncig qhov sib npaug nrhiav pom thiab cov xov tooj cua hauv cheeb tsam tab sis kuj txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
3.Electronic Tus Kheej Dosimeter (EPD):
Tus kheej dosimeteryog ib qho compact, hnav hluav taws xob saib xyuas cov cuab yeej tsim los rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw muaj hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm. Feem ntau siv Geiger-Müller (GM) tube ntes, nws daim ntawv me me ua rau muaj kev hnav ntev ntev rau kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau thiab cov koob tshuaj. Thaum raug tshaj li lub tswb ceeb toom preset, lub cuab yeej tam sim ntawd ceeb toom tus neeg hnav, qhia lawv kom khiav tawm ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij.
Xaus
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob yog qhov kev coj ua tseem ceeb uas ntiav ntau lub tshuab kuaj xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj hluav taws xob ionizing tam sim no. Kev siv Radiation Portal Monitors, yas scintillators, He-3 gas proportional counters, sodium iodide detectors, thiab GM tube counters exemplifies the diverse method available to detect and quantifying radiation. Kev nkag siab txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab thev naus laus zis tom qab kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tswj hwm cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hauv ntau yam haujlwm. Raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv mus, kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob yuav ua kom zoo dua qub, ntxiv dag zog rau peb lub peev xwm los kuaj xyuas thiab teb rau cov teeb meem hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-24-2025